This name to denote different disturbances, developing in the late period after operations on the stomach, primarily after the resection or intervention after a vagotomy.
The frequency of these violations is an average of 10-15%, and their nature and severity to some extent depend on the type produced by the operation: some symptoms develop only after resection or vagotomy, while others may only take place after both types of operations.
Generally accepted classification of disorders associated with gastric surgery, does not currently exist. The most common classification is basically contain postgastrorezektsionnoy division of pathology at the functional disturbances and organic lesions. Meanwhile, a division of postoperative disorders is arbitrary, since there are always the pathophysiological changes after surgery, which, through violations of the functional states lead to an organic lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. It later sold some clinical symptoms, we can say that the pathogenesis of disorders after surgery for peptic ulcer disease is complex and not always fit into the concept of "functional disorder" or "organic lesions.
Dumping syndrome - the most common functional disorder after gastric operations. The current literature is the most common term used to describe a complex symptom, occurring shortly after eating.
Pathogenesis of dumping syndrome is complicated. Anatomic and functional brand viagra defects introduced by any surgical intervention on the stomach and lead to a number of pathophysiological disturbances not only in the digestive system, but throughout the body. Fast food mass evacuation of the operated stomach, the rapid passage of the small intestine, followed by inadequate osmotic and reflex influences, joining violation of humoral regulation, activation of the sympathetic-adrenal system, as well as existing neuro-psychiatric disorders - all these individual pathogenetic links simtomokompleksa complex.
Diagnosis. The clinical picture of dumping syndrome is very characteristic: it will soon be after eating severe weakness, sweating, headache, and often patients notice palpitations and marked muscle weakness, the emergence of an uncontrollable desire to go to bed, often after eating a headache in the stomach cutting nature, increased peristalsis that is accompanied by profuse diarrhea.
Objective changes, konstatiruemye with dumping syndrome is also plentiful.
Among them, increased heart rate, changes in blood pressure, a fall of bcc, the change of peripheral blood flow and EEG. For a special study is often possible to ascertain vegetative-vascular and neuro-psychiatric disorders.
All of the above symptoms with some degree of schematization can be divided into three groups:
1. vasomotor,
2. intestinal,
3. Neuropsychiatric, the severity of which depends on the severity of dumping syndrome.
The diagnosis of dumping syndrome is based on a detailed clinical and psycho-neurological examination of patients. X-ray study also allows us to obtain a series of data: the rapid emptying of the stomach, the accelerated passage of the small intestine, and also expressed dystonic and diskineticheskih disorder.
Treatment. Conservative treatment of dumping syndrome to be complex. Its basis is diet therapy, often high-energy food fractional portions of the restriction of carbohydrates and fluid, full of vitamin nutrition. The mistake is to assign patients antiulcer dietary regimes that may exacerbate the manifestation of the syndrome.
Means of bracing therapy is recommended infusion of glucose with insulin, blood transfusions, parenteral vitamin therapy. In some cases, the appropriate designation Panzinorm, Festal, etc., especially when symptomatic insufficiency of exocrine pancreatic function.
Sedation neyroplegikami shown in patients with severe Neuropsychiatric disorders. Appointment of agents to facilitate slow evacuation from the stomach and reduce the motility of the small intestine, has a pathogenic orientation (drugs atropine, ganglioplegic, procaine blockade). Focused conservative therapy is effective only when mild dumping syndrome. Severe manifestations of syndrome is an indication for surgical treatment. The main idea of surgical intervention in the dumping syndrome that developed after resection of the stomach, is to slow down gastric emptying of the stump and the restoration of passage through the duodenum. The most common operations currently used, is reconstructive gastroeyunoduodenoplastika. Effectiveness of existing treatments dumping syndrome depends largely on the severity of the suffering.
start and maintain
tactics
many years
wrong interpretation
topical ointment
mercredi 26 janvier 2011
jeudi 20 janvier 2011
14 months
In the Moscow Institute of Surgery named. AV Wisniewski for the first time in Russia was carried out a unique operation to remove a fraction of the human liver using a surgical robot.
Preparations for the operation took 14 months, Itar-Tassbrand viagra online news service Health Ministry. The entire team during this period, rehearsed with the robot more simple operations on the abdominal organs.
"Instead of a large traumatic incision surgery was performed in five small punctures the anterior abdominal wall. Because of this the day after the operation the patient could walk alone "- the press service of the ministry. There added that post-operative period will flow much easier, and two days later the patient "is no longer in need of medicines, and physical activity was restored almost to normal."
In Russia, historically, that it was the military doctors have developed and implemented best generic viagra practices in domestic medicine. Advances in technology will dictate the need for military surgeons to the widespread and informed of their application, otherwise we will be an order of magnitude below the level of "civilian medicine," the tendency to what is observed today in the garrison hospital. To this there as its objective reasons, namely: poor technical equipment of surgical departments, the vector of supply ", directed towards the district and central hospitals, a small staff, do not allow to send doctors to study" bloodless "for separation, integration, by combining highly specialized offices, and subjective - sometimes weak motivation surgeons to study and application of advanced technologies.
The main part of the article.
In Vladimir garrison military hospital during the last two years is widely used in endovideosurgery planned and urgent surgical pathology. Mastered and put brand name levitra into practice laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE), appendectomy (LAE), closure of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer (UL), the removal of adhesive intestinal obstruction and bowel twisting. At the stage of development, due to difficulties in patient selection, laparoscopic fundoplication in gastroesophageal reflux disease. So for the last year (April 2009), in the surgical department performed 61 endovideohirurgicheskaya operation. Of these, 41 (65,5%) in emergency and urgent indications, 20 (34,5%) on scheduled and delayed readings. Of the operations of fixed-term and emergency indications have the greatest share LAE, a little less - a diagnostic laparoscopy, a few operations (4) holds for the acute perforated ulcer LDPK and pyloric stomach (no conversion of access), an acute gangrenous cholecystitis (2), adhesive intestinal obstruction and twisting colon (3). Scheduled transactions are mainly represented by LCE (18), 2 operations were performed over an ovarian cyst.
One of the promising directions in the treatment of acute gastroduodenal ulcers complicated by perforation and development of peritonitis, in patients with severe somatic pathology and in young patients is the use of minimally invasive technology. Namely: laparoscopic suturing (LU), ulcers, sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity. In determining the indications for this operation, above all, must be considered: the severity of the patient's symptoms of respiratory failure, lack of ulcer history, experience of operating surgeon, as the prolonged increase of intra-abdominal pressure can "nullify" all the positive aspects of this method. Of course, at the slightest suspicion of a chronic ulcer should abandon its attempts to DR last. Positives LU ulcers are: early activation of the patient in the postoperative period due to minor pain and low-impact operations, thereby preventing adhesion formation is achieved, enteral insufficiency syndrome, restore intestinal motility as soon as possible, minimizing the manifestations of complications from respiratory and cardiovascular systems. One can not ignore the cosmetic effect, the initial decrease in the probability of formation of abdominal adhesions in a minimally invasive access.
normalization
pathogenetic mechanisms
family planning
how to store insulin
Preparations for the operation took 14 months, Itar-Tassbrand viagra online news service Health Ministry. The entire team during this period, rehearsed with the robot more simple operations on the abdominal organs.
"Instead of a large traumatic incision surgery was performed in five small punctures the anterior abdominal wall. Because of this the day after the operation the patient could walk alone "- the press service of the ministry. There added that post-operative period will flow much easier, and two days later the patient "is no longer in need of medicines, and physical activity was restored almost to normal."
In Russia, historically, that it was the military doctors have developed and implemented best generic viagra practices in domestic medicine. Advances in technology will dictate the need for military surgeons to the widespread and informed of their application, otherwise we will be an order of magnitude below the level of "civilian medicine," the tendency to what is observed today in the garrison hospital. To this there as its objective reasons, namely: poor technical equipment of surgical departments, the vector of supply ", directed towards the district and central hospitals, a small staff, do not allow to send doctors to study" bloodless "for separation, integration, by combining highly specialized offices, and subjective - sometimes weak motivation surgeons to study and application of advanced technologies.
The main part of the article.
In Vladimir garrison military hospital during the last two years is widely used in endovideosurgery planned and urgent surgical pathology. Mastered and put brand name levitra into practice laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE), appendectomy (LAE), closure of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer (UL), the removal of adhesive intestinal obstruction and bowel twisting. At the stage of development, due to difficulties in patient selection, laparoscopic fundoplication in gastroesophageal reflux disease. So for the last year (April 2009), in the surgical department performed 61 endovideohirurgicheskaya operation. Of these, 41 (65,5%) in emergency and urgent indications, 20 (34,5%) on scheduled and delayed readings. Of the operations of fixed-term and emergency indications have the greatest share LAE, a little less - a diagnostic laparoscopy, a few operations (4) holds for the acute perforated ulcer LDPK and pyloric stomach (no conversion of access), an acute gangrenous cholecystitis (2), adhesive intestinal obstruction and twisting colon (3). Scheduled transactions are mainly represented by LCE (18), 2 operations were performed over an ovarian cyst.
One of the promising directions in the treatment of acute gastroduodenal ulcers complicated by perforation and development of peritonitis, in patients with severe somatic pathology and in young patients is the use of minimally invasive technology. Namely: laparoscopic suturing (LU), ulcers, sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity. In determining the indications for this operation, above all, must be considered: the severity of the patient's symptoms of respiratory failure, lack of ulcer history, experience of operating surgeon, as the prolonged increase of intra-abdominal pressure can "nullify" all the positive aspects of this method. Of course, at the slightest suspicion of a chronic ulcer should abandon its attempts to DR last. Positives LU ulcers are: early activation of the patient in the postoperative period due to minor pain and low-impact operations, thereby preventing adhesion formation is achieved, enteral insufficiency syndrome, restore intestinal motility as soon as possible, minimizing the manifestations of complications from respiratory and cardiovascular systems. One can not ignore the cosmetic effect, the initial decrease in the probability of formation of abdominal adhesions in a minimally invasive access.
normalization
pathogenetic mechanisms
family planning
how to store insulin
dimanche 9 janvier 2011
Our experience and data
Causal ABT abdominal sepsis
In the immediate major abdominal surgery through the AT is parenteral. Oral medications prescribed in addition to parenteral. This refers to the selective decontamination of the intestine (KFOR) to antifungal drugs, derivatives of imidazole. In diseases of moderate intramuscular injection with an adequate interval creates an effective drug concentration in the blood. However, in critical condition patients drug absorption from muscle significantly disturbed by the deterioration of tissue perfusion. In this regard, the most effective method of administration will be intravenous antibiotics.
Presented in the literature on endolymphatic and intra-arterial injection of antibacterial drugs in abdominal surgical infections can not be considered conclusive yet to draw definitive conclusions about their effectiveness, economic benefits, side effects and complications [7].
The effectiveness of intraperitoneal local administration of brand viagra antibiotics or irrigation of the abdominal cavity are questionable. Several comparative clinical trials convincingly demonstrated the absence of any effect of irrigation of the abdominal cavity aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, or chloramphenicol at the rate of postoperative infections [6]. At the same time, the use of antibiotics, without creating sufficient bactericidal effect in the abdominal cavity can lead to penetration of the drug into the systemic circulation, that the use of toxic antibiotics (especially aminoglycosides I generation) is dangerous additional damage to organs.
On the final performance of antibacterial therapy in intra-abdominal infections can only be judged by the complete elimination of all baseline symptoms of a pathological process that is extremely difficult in surgical patients. Systemic inflammatory response in the postoperative period may be caused by many factors related to the ongoing process in the abdominal cavity, the appearance of secondary ektraabdominalnyh foci of infection. It is necessary to follow the rule of advanced and alternative alertness. So, save for the background sound ABT systemic inflammatory reaction should induce the clinician not to a change in antibiotics (although this should think), but to the persistent search for the source of infection. This may be intra-abdominal (recurrent or recurrent source of infection) or an alternative source of infection outside the abdomen. In severe sepsis, the simultaneous presence of several sources of infection (gastrointestinal tract, lungs, etc.) lasting therapeutic effect is often observed when the duration of antibiotic therapy at least 34 weeks. However, the absence of any significant changes at an earlier date may indicate a lack of surgical intervention and inappropriate antibiotic therapy.
Selective decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract during abdominal sepsis
Studies conducted in the clinic of Surgery them. SI Spasokukotsky to evaluate the effectiveness of KFOR in combination with systemic administration of antibiotics for peritonitis, possible to establish the reduction in the incidence of pathological colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by 33%, the tracheobronchial tree by 35% reduction in the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia by 20% and the incidence of septic shock by 50% . Against this background, showed a viagra dose usage and myths trend toward reduced mortality from 43.8% to 34.1% [2].
It is now possible to distinguish groups of patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection, which based on our experience and data of world literature may be considered appropriate use of KFOR in combination with systemic AT [2, 6]:
1. Peritonitis of any cause.
2. Multiple abscesses of the abdominal cavity.
3. Prevention of septic complications in necrotizing pancreatitis.
4. Complex treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis, pancreatic abscess and peritonitis.
5. Intestinal obstruction of various etiologies.
6. Severe sepsis and MODS in complicated intra-abdominal infections of any etiology.
In all cases, pancreatic and postoperative peritonitis, infectious complications of pancreatic necrosis, tertiary peritonitis, it is expedient to selective decontamination of the intestine with the compulsory inclusion of fluconazole (or amphotericin B).
Toxicological examination
hormonal harmony
Women health
In the immediate major abdominal surgery through the AT is parenteral. Oral medications prescribed in addition to parenteral. This refers to the selective decontamination of the intestine (KFOR) to antifungal drugs, derivatives of imidazole. In diseases of moderate intramuscular injection with an adequate interval creates an effective drug concentration in the blood. However, in critical condition patients drug absorption from muscle significantly disturbed by the deterioration of tissue perfusion. In this regard, the most effective method of administration will be intravenous antibiotics.
Presented in the literature on endolymphatic and intra-arterial injection of antibacterial drugs in abdominal surgical infections can not be considered conclusive yet to draw definitive conclusions about their effectiveness, economic benefits, side effects and complications [7].
The effectiveness of intraperitoneal local administration of brand viagra antibiotics or irrigation of the abdominal cavity are questionable. Several comparative clinical trials convincingly demonstrated the absence of any effect of irrigation of the abdominal cavity aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, or chloramphenicol at the rate of postoperative infections [6]. At the same time, the use of antibiotics, without creating sufficient bactericidal effect in the abdominal cavity can lead to penetration of the drug into the systemic circulation, that the use of toxic antibiotics (especially aminoglycosides I generation) is dangerous additional damage to organs.
On the final performance of antibacterial therapy in intra-abdominal infections can only be judged by the complete elimination of all baseline symptoms of a pathological process that is extremely difficult in surgical patients. Systemic inflammatory response in the postoperative period may be caused by many factors related to the ongoing process in the abdominal cavity, the appearance of secondary ektraabdominalnyh foci of infection. It is necessary to follow the rule of advanced and alternative alertness. So, save for the background sound ABT systemic inflammatory reaction should induce the clinician not to a change in antibiotics (although this should think), but to the persistent search for the source of infection. This may be intra-abdominal (recurrent or recurrent source of infection) or an alternative source of infection outside the abdomen. In severe sepsis, the simultaneous presence of several sources of infection (gastrointestinal tract, lungs, etc.) lasting therapeutic effect is often observed when the duration of antibiotic therapy at least 34 weeks. However, the absence of any significant changes at an earlier date may indicate a lack of surgical intervention and inappropriate antibiotic therapy.
Selective decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract during abdominal sepsis
Studies conducted in the clinic of Surgery them. SI Spasokukotsky to evaluate the effectiveness of KFOR in combination with systemic administration of antibiotics for peritonitis, possible to establish the reduction in the incidence of pathological colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by 33%, the tracheobronchial tree by 35% reduction in the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia by 20% and the incidence of septic shock by 50% . Against this background, showed a viagra dose usage and myths trend toward reduced mortality from 43.8% to 34.1% [2].
It is now possible to distinguish groups of patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection, which based on our experience and data of world literature may be considered appropriate use of KFOR in combination with systemic AT [2, 6]:
1. Peritonitis of any cause.
2. Multiple abscesses of the abdominal cavity.
3. Prevention of septic complications in necrotizing pancreatitis.
4. Complex treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis, pancreatic abscess and peritonitis.
5. Intestinal obstruction of various etiologies.
6. Severe sepsis and MODS in complicated intra-abdominal infections of any etiology.
In all cases, pancreatic and postoperative peritonitis, infectious complications of pancreatic necrosis, tertiary peritonitis, it is expedient to selective decontamination of the intestine with the compulsory inclusion of fluconazole (or amphotericin B).
Toxicological examination
hormonal harmony
Women health
dimanche 2 janvier 2011
Human genome
Outraged thought juices wanted me sleeping in my head and disturbing the delicate structure of the brain aroused in him the imagination. Brain fiber, untouched by rising from the vessels of the body in pairs, began to tremble for longer than others .... " So wrote Radishchev in his famous "Journey", created at the end of the eighteenth century.
Genomic Columba
And today we are witnesses of transcripts of individual genomes of individuals. In October 2007, about reading its genome said Craig Venter, who five years ago was one of those who first decoded the human genome. Venter did not "close" on the status of two dozen genes that are suspected by scientists in the "addiction" to alcohol, the development of antisocial behavior, addiction to smoking, the development of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease.
But James Watson, sootkryvatel double helix of DNA, the substance of genes, information brand name viagra about your genes, "Alzheimer's" closed. Its genome was published in March 2007. His book about it called "Avoid boring people and other lessons of life sciences."
By participating in the campaign promotion of the book, Watson made an unforgivable faux pas for the politically correct America, saying that the mind of African Americans, people of African descent, yet different from the intelligence of whites. And he wants to live up to the opening of the genes of the mind, to compare them with those and others. Critics have accused the Nobel laureate, who, beginning with his first book "The Double Helix", and loved to shock the respectable audience, almost in racism.
Do not feel the difference
However, the question is much harder than it may seem kritikanstvuyuschim people from Fletlanda - Flatland, - dwelling in a flat two-dimensional world and knows no depth, no altitude, in general, is born to crawl ...
Craig, by the way, reading your genome, found that differences between individuals are five times more than was thought until now. All these years, scientists believed that each person is different at 0.1% of its genome (it seems that these differences cause all known reactions of rejection of transplanted organs and tissues). It turned out that the differences genomes reach-half! It is not surprising that some people become winners of the most prestigious awards, while others succeed in business, art and writing operas, political activities, etc.
Autism - out!
One example of such differences - a wonderful state, first described more than 60 years ago and known as "autism" in which a person concentrates on "auto", that is closed in itself. We call such children "Buki" ...
Autism - a strange state in which the intellect suffers in the rarest cases. Scientists have long suspected that autism is under a genetic basis, because identical, or monozygotic, twins, it happens in more than 90%, and fraternal - in the range of 10-50%. Today, autism genes found in nearly all human chromosomes. But the greatest suspicion of causing two genes, one of which was opened in 1992 at the University of Texas in Dallas.
Genes encode proteins neyroligin and neyreksin that connect the nerve cells in the so-called synapses. The first mutation in a gene neyroligina in children with autism was discovered only four years ago at the Paris Pasteur Institute. In March of this year's survey data published in 1600 households in North America and Europe, during which revealed a clear association with disease status of the gene neyroligina.
At present, a man known for five genes of this protein, three of which are localized in the female sex chromosome X ("X"), and two more on the X chromosome and the male Y («igrek). It is believed Viagra the era of effective treatment that the X chromosome - "container" intelligence genes. At least it is in this gene is a very important neural enzyme MAO - monoamine oxidase. Mutations of MAO leads to the emergence of an aggressive form of schizophrenia, which is especially characteristic of men who have only one X chromosome (females are two of them).
It should be stipulated that not all children with autism found mutations in the gene neyroligina. But to date, it has a unique "hook" in the vast human genome. That's why scientists are so closely reacted to this discovery, which will surely help dramatically increase "targeted" for further searches.
Gnawing model
Confirmation of this view is the last message from Dallas, where not going to "give up" with the gene neyroligina. At this time, staff, University of Texas received a gene-modified mice, which have a mutant gene neyroligina.
The mutation was that they "changed" evolutionarily conserved, that is very persistent over millions of years, the amino acid arginine at position 451 of the protein chain to "neutral" cysteine. The replacement, which, incidentally, shows up and the children of men, the protein became much worse to perform its function, twice as increasing the time of the nerve impulse across the synapse (violation of the conduction of nerve contact may be compared with the slowdown for some reason traffic on the roads because of what the increased travel time).
Violation of the "flow" of electricity through the nerve synapses with a mutant protein leads to a sharp deterioration of "social" interaction of mutant animals with normal mice, as well as slow learning. Texans quite reasonably do not exaggerate the significance of his achievement, yet they say that for the first time in more than 60-year history of the study of autism created him a living model. Now you can with autism not only to describe in words but also to study experimentally.
Dehydration
Breast massage
Genomic Columba
And today we are witnesses of transcripts of individual genomes of individuals. In October 2007, about reading its genome said Craig Venter, who five years ago was one of those who first decoded the human genome. Venter did not "close" on the status of two dozen genes that are suspected by scientists in the "addiction" to alcohol, the development of antisocial behavior, addiction to smoking, the development of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease.
But James Watson, sootkryvatel double helix of DNA, the substance of genes, information brand name viagra about your genes, "Alzheimer's" closed. Its genome was published in March 2007. His book about it called "Avoid boring people and other lessons of life sciences."
By participating in the campaign promotion of the book, Watson made an unforgivable faux pas for the politically correct America, saying that the mind of African Americans, people of African descent, yet different from the intelligence of whites. And he wants to live up to the opening of the genes of the mind, to compare them with those and others. Critics have accused the Nobel laureate, who, beginning with his first book "The Double Helix", and loved to shock the respectable audience, almost in racism.
Do not feel the difference
However, the question is much harder than it may seem kritikanstvuyuschim people from Fletlanda - Flatland, - dwelling in a flat two-dimensional world and knows no depth, no altitude, in general, is born to crawl ...
Craig, by the way, reading your genome, found that differences between individuals are five times more than was thought until now. All these years, scientists believed that each person is different at 0.1% of its genome (it seems that these differences cause all known reactions of rejection of transplanted organs and tissues). It turned out that the differences genomes reach-half! It is not surprising that some people become winners of the most prestigious awards, while others succeed in business, art and writing operas, political activities, etc.
Autism - out!
One example of such differences - a wonderful state, first described more than 60 years ago and known as "autism" in which a person concentrates on "auto", that is closed in itself. We call such children "Buki" ...
Autism - a strange state in which the intellect suffers in the rarest cases. Scientists have long suspected that autism is under a genetic basis, because identical, or monozygotic, twins, it happens in more than 90%, and fraternal - in the range of 10-50%. Today, autism genes found in nearly all human chromosomes. But the greatest suspicion of causing two genes, one of which was opened in 1992 at the University of Texas in Dallas.
Genes encode proteins neyroligin and neyreksin that connect the nerve cells in the so-called synapses. The first mutation in a gene neyroligina in children with autism was discovered only four years ago at the Paris Pasteur Institute. In March of this year's survey data published in 1600 households in North America and Europe, during which revealed a clear association with disease status of the gene neyroligina.
At present, a man known for five genes of this protein, three of which are localized in the female sex chromosome X ("X"), and two more on the X chromosome and the male Y («igrek). It is believed Viagra the era of effective treatment that the X chromosome - "container" intelligence genes. At least it is in this gene is a very important neural enzyme MAO - monoamine oxidase. Mutations of MAO leads to the emergence of an aggressive form of schizophrenia, which is especially characteristic of men who have only one X chromosome (females are two of them).
It should be stipulated that not all children with autism found mutations in the gene neyroligina. But to date, it has a unique "hook" in the vast human genome. That's why scientists are so closely reacted to this discovery, which will surely help dramatically increase "targeted" for further searches.
Gnawing model
Confirmation of this view is the last message from Dallas, where not going to "give up" with the gene neyroligina. At this time, staff, University of Texas received a gene-modified mice, which have a mutant gene neyroligina.
The mutation was that they "changed" evolutionarily conserved, that is very persistent over millions of years, the amino acid arginine at position 451 of the protein chain to "neutral" cysteine. The replacement, which, incidentally, shows up and the children of men, the protein became much worse to perform its function, twice as increasing the time of the nerve impulse across the synapse (violation of the conduction of nerve contact may be compared with the slowdown for some reason traffic on the roads because of what the increased travel time).
Violation of the "flow" of electricity through the nerve synapses with a mutant protein leads to a sharp deterioration of "social" interaction of mutant animals with normal mice, as well as slow learning. Texans quite reasonably do not exaggerate the significance of his achievement, yet they say that for the first time in more than 60-year history of the study of autism created him a living model. Now you can with autism not only to describe in words but also to study experimentally.
Dehydration
Breast massage
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